THE INFLUENCE OF ADAPTIVE HORMONES ON THE STATE OF PANETH CELLS OF ANIMALS WITH ALLOXAN DIABETES
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction. It is known that in diabetes mellitus, which belongs to the group of metabolic diseases, all types of metabolism are disturbed, including microelement metabolism. The microelement zinc plays an important role in the functioning of a living organism and the implementation of its vital processes. Paneth cells of the small intestine contain zinc ions in their secretory granules. It is likely that in Paneth cells, like β-cells of pancreatic islets, this metal also participates in the formation of a complex with secretory material and its deposition. This gives reason to believe that not only the amount of secretion in Paneth cells, but also the content of the metal bound to it, are indicators of their functional state. Taking into account the above, it is of interest to study the content of zinc and secretory material in Paneth cells of animals during the modeling of diabetes mellitus and its correction by the introduction of adaptive hormones. The imperfect nature of existing cytochemical methods for metal and secretion detection in Paneth cells has prevented such studies from being conducted earlier. This problem was overcome by our development of the 8-(p-toluenesulfonylamino)-quinoline (8-TSQ) reaction and modification of the phloxine reaction in these small intestinal cells.
The рurpose of the study was to investigate changes in the content of zinc and secretory material in Paneth cells of animals with alloxan diabetes after the administration of adrenaline and prednisolone separately and in combination with insulin.
Methods. The experiments were conducted on white outbred mice and rats aged 6 months. Some animals received a single injection of alloxan, while others received insulin, adrenaline and prednisolone a day after the administration of the diabetogenic agent. These procedures were repeated for 4 days. Cytochemical methods were used to conduct the studies. Yellow-green luminescence was detected on preparations stained with 8-TSQ, which is an indicator of the content of zinc in Paneth cells of the small intestine. When stained with phloxine, red granules were detected in the cytoplasm of Paneth cells. The number of these granules is an indicator of the content of secretory material in the cells. The content of secretory material was estimated in conventional units, and zinc in μg/g. The results were statistically processed using the Student’s t-test using the Statistica 6.0 program. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to assess the degree of relationship between changes in the studied indicators.
Results. In Paneth cells of mice after alloxan injection, the zinc content decreased by 29-49% and the secretory material by 27-42%, and in rats – by 29-55 and 26-47%, respectively (p<0,001). After the administration of insulin, adrenaline and prednisolone against the background of the development of alloxan diabetes, the intracellular metal and secretory content were lower compared to the control in mice by 10% (p>0,05) – 29% (p<0,01) and 11% (p>0,05) – 25% (p<0,01), in rats – 8% (p>0.05) – 32% (p<0,001) and 11% (p>0,05) – 26% (p<0,05). In relation to diabetic animals, the obtained figures were higher in mice by 16% (p<0,05) – 52% (p<0,01) and 15% (p<0,05) – 43% (p<0,01), respectively, in rats – by 15% (p<0,05) – 71% (p<0,001) and 14% (p<0,05) – 56% (p<0,001). In the case of the combined action of adaptive hormones in Paneth cells of animals with alloxan diabetes, an unreliable nature of changes in the content of zinc and secretory material was established in relation to the control, and in comparison with diabetic mice, the indicators were higher by 32-81% (p<0,001) and 28-57% (p<0,01), respectively, in diabetic rats – by 33-107% (p<0,001) and 26% (p<0,01) – 67% (p<0,001). Positive correlation coefficients of changes in the content of zinc and secretory material in Paneth cells of experimental rats indicate the presence of a functional connection between these components.
Originality. For the first time, using the developed cytochemical reaction of 8-TSQ and the modified phloxine reaction, a study of the influence of adaptive hormones on the state of Paneth cells of animals with alloxan diabetes was carried out.
Conclusion. The introduction of the diabetogenic agent alloxan led to the development of zinc and secretory material deficiency in Paneth cells of mice and rats, which indicates the suppression of the functional state of these cells. Partial correction of zinc and secretory deficiency in Paneth cells was observed in the case of the administration of insulin, adrenaline and prednisolone to animals with alloxan diabetes. The corrective effect was more pronounced with the combined action of adaptive hormones. The results obtained will allow us to deepen our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of diabetes, and the search for ways to correct the disorders contributes to the prevention and treatment of this disease.
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