Adaptation of human organism to hypoxia
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction. Adaptation to hypoxia uses extensive flexible potential of organism, which is based on structural changes in cells and tissues and can both increase the oxygen supply, and reduce the critical level of partial oxygen pressure.
Purpose. Analyze and generalize information contained in the literature on the effects of hypoxia on the human body.
Methods. Analysis of special scientific literature, which considers the physiological mechanisms of human adaptation to hypoxia.
Results. Individual adaptation to hypoxia manifests itself in two main forms - immediate and long term. Immediate adaptation develops in case of acute hypoxia when ready available functional body mechanisms, increasing the delivery of oxygen to tissues, are used. Long-term adaptation mechanisms which are usually formed in case of repetitive or chronic hypoxia of moderate intensity, are a basis for increasing body resistance to the action of hypoxic factor. Long-term adaptation to hypoxia uses extensive flexible potential of organism, which is based on structural changes in cells and tissues and can both increase the oxygen supply, and reduce the critical level of partial oxygen pressure.
Originality. It is shown that the human body adaptation to hypoxia action may be realized by means of passive adaptation, which may be manifested by development of hypometabolic state.
Conclusion. When hypoxia occurs, body reacts by launching the evolutionarily formed complex of protective and adaptive reactions, which help to adapt to this influence. Adaptation to hypoxia is provided by anatomic and biochemical characteristics of the individuals’ organisms living or staying temporarily in conditions of insufficient oxygen.
Article Details
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
AGREEMENT ABOUT TRANSMISSION OF COPYRIGHT
I, the author of the article / We, the authors of the manuscript _______________________________________________________________________
in case of its acceptance for publication, we transfer the following rights to the founders and editorial boards of the scientific publication "Cherkasy University Bulletin: Biological Sciences Series":
1. Publication of this article in Ukrainian (English) and distribution of its printed version.
2. Dissemination of the electronic version of the article through any electronic means (placing on the official journal web site, in electronic databases, repositories, etc.). At the same time we reserve the right without consent of the editorial board and the founders:
1. Use the materials of the article in whole or in part for educational purposes.
2. To use the materials of the article in whole or in part for writing your own theses.
3. Use article materials to prepare Summarys, conference reports, and oral presentations.
4. Post electronic copies of the article (including the final electronic version downloaded from the journal's official website) to:
a. personal web-pecypcax of all authors (web sites, web pages, blogs, etc.);
b. web-pecypcax of the institutions where the authors work (including electronic institutional repositories);
with. non-profit, open-source web-pecypcax (such as arXiv.org).
With this agreement, we also certify that the submitted manuscript meets the following criteria:
1. Does not contain calls for violence, incitement of racial or ethnic enmity, which are disturbing, threatening, shameful, libelous, cruel, indecent, vulgar, etc.
2. Does not infringe the copyrights and intellectual property rights of others or organizations; contains all the references to the cited authors and / or publications envisaged by applicable copyright law, as well as the results and facts used in the article by other authors or organizations.
3. It has not been previously published in other publishers and has not been published in other publications.
4. Does not include materials that are not subject to publication in the open press, in accordance with applicable law.
____________________ ___________________
First name, Last name, signature of the author
"___" __________ 20__
References
Kolchinskaya, A. Z. (1990). About the physiological mechanisms that determine the training effect of medium and high mountains. Theory and practice of physical culture. No. 4, 39-43. (in Rus)
Cohen, PJ. (1972). The metabolic function of oxygen and biochemical lesion of hypoxia / PJ.Cohen // Anesthesiology. V. 46, 2., 639-645.
Agajanyan, N. A. (1987). Adaptation to hypoxia and bioeconomics of external respiration. Moscow: UDN Publ.,170. (in Rus)
Berezovskiy, V. A. (2012). Flower of Gilgamesh. Natural and instrumental orotherapy (essays of the mountains and their effects on the human body). Donetsk: Publisher Zaslavsky A.Yu., 304 (in Rus)
Malkin, V. B. (1977). Acute and chronic hypoxia problems of cosmic biology. M. – V. 35. – 320. (in Rus)
Meyerson, F. Z. (1986). Adaptation to high altitude hypoxia. Physiology of adaptation processes. Moscow: Nauka, 224-248. (in Rus)
Filippov, M. M. (2010). Physiological mechanisms of development and compensation of hypoxia in the process of adaptation to muscular activity: Monograph. St. Petersburg.- Kiev: BPA. 260 (in Rus)
Dmitruk, A. I. (2007). Hypoxia and sport: Methodical manual. St. Petersburg. 44 (in Rus)
Bulatova, M. M. (2008). Middle altitude, high altutude and artificial hypoxia in the system of athletes training. Sports medicine. No. 1. 95-119. (in Rus)
Salamanin,a O. M. (1982). Influence of a moderate degree of hypoxia on the functional state of the individual-operator. Systematic approach to the psycho-physiological problem. - M. 140-142. (in Rus)
Breslav, I. S. (1973). Respiratory reflexes from chemoreceptors. In the book: Physiology of respiration. In the series: "Guide to Physiology." – L.: "Science" Publ. 165-188. (in Rus)
Marshak, M. E. Regulation of respiration / M. E. Marshak // In the book: Physiology of respiration. In the series: "Guide to Physiology." – L.: "Science" Publ., 1973. – P. 256-286. (in Rus)
West, J. (1988) The Physiology of Breath. Moscow: Mir. 200. (in Rus)
Meyerson, F. Z. (1993) Adaptive medicine: Mechanisms and protective effects of adaptation. Hyp. Med. Ltd. M. 332. (in Rus)
Rusko, H. K., Tikkanen, H., Paavolainen, L. et al. (1999). Effect of living in hypoxia and training in normoxia on sea level VO2max and red cell mass. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. V. 31. S86.
Opie, L. H. (1976). Effects of anoxia and regional ischemia on metabolism of glucose and fatty acids. Circ. Res. No. 37. 52-68.
Sapova, N. I. (1982). Complex assessment of heart rhythm regulation in case of dosed functional loads. Physiol. Journal. The USSR. V. 68. №8. 1159-1164. (in Rus)
Ilyin, V. N. (2014). Evaluation of the functional state of the human body under extreme conditions on the basis of the theory of ultrastable systems. No. 3. 94-100. (in Rus)
Cherkes, L. I. (2011). Structural linguistic approach to the assessment of long-term adaptation of elite athletes to middle mountains conditions. Medical informatics and engineering. No. 4. 18-21. (in Rus)
Tursunbekov, B. T. (1988). Mechanisms of high-altitude adaptation for various functional states of endocrine system. Frunze: Ilim. 200 (in Rus)
Mirrakhimov, M. M. (1972). About terms of the body increased resistance preservation under various conditions of acclimatization to high mountains. Space biology and aerospace medicine. Issue 4. 14-18. (in Rus)
Daniyarov, S. (1977). High altitude and vegetative nervous system. Medicine. 176. (in Rus)
Ilyin, V. N., Batyrbekova, L. M., Kurdanova, M. Kh., Kurdanov, Kh. A. (2003) Structural-linguistic approach to the assessment of the human body functional state in high-mountain conditions. Moscow: Ileksa; Stavropol: Serviceshkola. 80 (in Rus)
Markova, E. A. (1981). Heart rhythm regulation peculiarities of rats with different resistance to hypoxia. Physiol. Journal. The USSR. V. 27, No. 5. 703–706. (in Rus)
Meyerson, F.Z. (2009). Adaptation to stressor siuations and physical loads. Moscow: Medicine. – 256. (in Rus)
Rovna, O.A. (2011). Peculiarities of human body adaptation to the interval normobaric hypoxia under conditions of complex coordination motor activity. – Abstract of candidate of science thesis. 20. (in Rus)
Serokhvostov, A.P. (1978). Some results of study of conditioned reflex activity and vegetative functions of the native inhabitants of the low and highlands of Kyrgyzstan. Abstract of candidate of medical sciences thesis. – 20. (in Rus)
Kravchenko, Yu.V. (2007) Impulsive-periodical hypoxia as a method to accelerate adaptation to the conditions of high mountains. Journal of the Cherkassy University. Issue. 105. 43-48. (in Rus)
Makarenko, N. V. (1981). The state of some properties of higher nervous activity and short-term visual memory of humans in the process of adaptation to the mountain climate of vicinity of the Mt. Elbrus. Adaptation of an individual in various climatic-geographical and industrial conditions. Vol. 2. 128-129. (in Rus)
Shephard, R. J. (1992). Problems of High Altitude. Endurance in Sport. P. 471-478.
Semenza, G. L. (2006). Regulation of physiological responses to continuous and intermittent hypoxia by hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Exp. Physiol. Vol. 91, No. 5. 803-806.
Kolchinskaya, A. Z. (1983). Respiratory systems, the process of mass transfer of oxygen into the body, oxygen regimes of organism. Secondary tissue hypoxia. Kiev. Naukova Dumka, 1983. 5-14. (in Rus)
Kolchinskaya, A. Z. (1991). Oxygen. Physical condition, working efficiency. Kiev. Naukova Dumka. 205. (in Rus)
Stray-Gundersen, J. (2001). '' Living high, training low '' altitude training improves sea level performance in male and female elite runners. V. 91. 1113-1120.
Portnichenko, V. I. (2008). Development of hypometabolic state of highly skilled athletes under conditions of hypoxia. Sports medicine. No. 1. 74-77. (in Rus)
Yevtushenko, O. L., (2007). Characteristics of healthy insdividuals' blood circulation during the adaptation to the high altitude depending on the hypoxic and physical loads. Materials of the V International symposium "Actual problems of biophysical medicine". Kyiv. 70-71. (in Rus)
Filippov, M. M. (2009). Physiological mechanisms of development and compensation of hypoxia in the process of adaptation to muscular activity: Monograph. St. Petersburg. Kiev: BPA. 268 (in Rus)
Filippov, M. M. (2014). Comparative characteristics of providing oxygen regimes in the organism of acclimatized and non-climatized individuals at different heights in the mountains. Medical physiological problems of human ecology: Materials of the V All-Russian Conference with international participation – Ulyanovsk: UlSU. 187-188. (in Rus)
Ilyin, V. (2004). The energy metabolism of the muscular activity of the Russian Olympic team of wrestlers at high altitudes. Abstracts of IV World Congress on Mountain Medicine and High Altitude Physiology (V Annual Meeting for Chinese High Altitude Medicine). 269.